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ADI Dome housing







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on of prefabrication



Construction method that minimized on-site construction works by assembling various construction materials such as structural members, floor, wall unit, ceiling, roof panel, etc., with prefabricated materials in the factory.



Construction of ADI DOME HOUSE begins to assemble the patented outer walls which are manufactured in the factory like Lego blocks.



The building is completed with additional subsequent processes and interior and exterior works.



Thanks to the reduction of on-site works, overall construction period can be reduced and consequent reduction of various on-site problems guarantees stable and reliable construction quality.



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Structure

ADI DOME HOUSE is safe as it implements the dome shape which is structurally safe.

ADI DOME HOUSE is structurally designed to endure more than 2 meter of snowfall, 40m/s of strong wind and 5.5 magnitude of earthquake on the Richter scale. This can also be increased .



ADI DOME HOUSE uses a wall panel system which has strength properties as follows.



Category

High-density EPS

Bead type

1-1

Bead type

1-2

Bead type

1-3

Bead type

1-4

Test method



Density (㎏/㎡)

36

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

KS M 3808



Compressive strength (N/㎠)

22

16.00

12.00

8.00

5.00

KS M 3808



Flexural strength (N/㎠)

47

35.00

30.00

22.00

15.00

KS M 3808











Structural analysis



In order to study the structural stability of ADI DOME HOUSE that uses high-density EPS, MIDAS-GESw, a proven software by Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea is used as a system for general purpose structural analysis and optimized design in construction areas. After 3D dynamic analysis based on the finite element method was performed using MIDAS-GESw, members were designed through allowable stress design method. Specifications and standard strengths of t he materials which were used for structural analysis are shown in the following table



Specifications and standard strengths of materials for structural analysis



Area

Category

Specification

Remarks



Foundation

Design standard strength

Fck=21MPa

KSF 2405 (material age of 28 days)



Rebar yield strength

Fy=300MPa

KS D2504 SD 30



EPS panel

Flexural strength

Fbs=0.47MPa

Test report



Compressive strength

Fcs=0.22MPa

Test report



Density

R=366㎏/㎥

Test report



Elasticity coefficient

Ebs=12MPa

Test report





Applicable loads include dead load, snow load, seismic load, wind load, etc. Which are calculated in accordance with [Load standard and interpretation of construction structures] established by Architectural Institute of Korea; and regarding dead load, construction load was added considering the working conditions during the construction.



Design load requirement



Dead load

Dead load : 140N/㎡

Construction load : 500N/㎡

Snow load

Based on 2 meters of snowfall

No snow removed by wind; considering the snow slides due to the slope

Wind load

Basic wind speed V=40m/sec (based on the construction structure standard(Architectural Institute of Korea, 2009)

Results of stress analysis







Category

D.L + S.L

D.L + W.L

D.L + E.L

Allowable stress for

Long sustained loading



Stress (MPa)

0.073

0.088

0.011

0.09





DL : Dead Load, SL : Snow Load

WL : Wind Load, EL : Earthquake (seismic) Load



Since the combined stress value of dead load, snow load, wind load, seismic load, etc., is within the range of the long-term allowable stress of 0.09MPa, high-density EPS dome house is structurally safe.



Insulation

Since ADI DOME HOUSE uses compressed high-density EPS as its main material, it is one of the most excellent houses in terms of insulation efficiency.



EPS product has as huge advantage to block the heat flow because it is composed of numerous independent air bubbles. Factors affecting the insulation capabilities of EPS products are as follows.



Density : Insulation effect decreases in inverse proportion to density but, gradually increases from a certain level. (about 40㎏/㎥)



Moisture contents : Insulation effect decreases because the heat conductivity increases with higher moisture contents.



Temperature : Heat conductivity decreases as the temperature decreases.



Units representing EPS insulation effect



Heat conductivity (λ, Kcal/m.hr.℃)

Heat conductivity means the quantity of heat (Q) per hour passing through an object with cross section area of 1㎡ and length of 1 meter given a temperature difference of 1℃. In other words, the degree of heat conductivity is a value that can be used to determine how easy the heat can pass through a certain material; a lower value means the material has greater insulation effect.



Thermal resistance (R, ㎡.hr.℃/Kcal)

In actual building design, both heat conductivity of individual materials and respective thicknesses should be calculated; therefore, the values considering both factors are required. Accordingly, the thermal resistance value is mostly used in building design.

* Thermal resistance R=d (thickness) / λ (heat conductivity of the material)



Heat transmission coefficient (K, Kcal/㎡.hr.℃)

This refers to the heat transfer between solid and fluid. More specifically, heat transfer coefficient means the heat transfer which is from indoor air to inner side surface of the insulation material or from the outside surface of the insulation material outdoor air.



Resistance of heat transmission (Rt, ㎡.hr.℃/Kcal)

The reciprocal of heat transmission coefficient is the resistance of heat transmission.

* Resistance of heat transmission coefficient Rt=1÷K=(∑1/a+∑d/λ)



Heat conductivity of each construction material



Category

Material

Heat Conductivity

Category

Material

Heat conductivity



Kcal/m·h·℃

W/m·K

kcal/m·h·℃

W/m·K



Metal

Iron (mild steel)

41

35.26

Ceramic

Products

Regular brick

0.53

0.46



Stainless steel

22

18.92

firebrick

1

0.86



Concrete

Regular concrete

1.41

1.21

Glass

0.67

0.58



Lightweight concrete

0.45

0.39

EPS

Foamed polystyrene

0.03

0.03



Mud wall

0.77

0.66

Foamed polyethylene

0.03

0.03



Wood

Pine tree

0.15

0.13

Others

Foam glass

0.07

00.06



Cedar

0.08

0.07

Flame grass, etc.

0.06

0.05



Quercus serrata

0.16

0.14

Sawdust

0.11

0.09





Comparison of heat transmission coefficients between existing wall panel and ADI DOME HOUSE wall panel



Figure

material

Heat

Conductivity

Thickness

(㎜)

Heat

Resistance





|<- 183mm ->|





Outdoor heat

0.43



Cement mortar

14

20

0.014



Concrete

1

100

0.063



Insulation

0.03

50

1.167



Demp-proof

0.21

0.2

0.001



Plaster board

0.18

12

0.067



Wallpaper

0.21

0.5

0.002



Indoor heat

1

0.11



Wall thickness

182.7



Total Heat

1.967

Heat

Transmission

0.508





Figure

material

Heat

Conductivity

Thickness

(㎜)

Heat

Resistance





|<- 286.2mm ->|





Outdoor heat

0.43



Tile

13

6

0.005



Cement mortar

14

24

0.017



Concrete

0.6

90

0.15



Insulation

0.03

50

1.167



Demp-proof

0.21

0.2

0.001



Plaster board

0.6

90

0.15



Wallpaper

1.4

20

0.014



Tile

1.3

6

0.005



Indoor heat

0.11



Wall thickness

286.2



Total Heat

2.162

Heat

Transmission

0.463



Figure

material

Heat

conductivity

Thickness

(㎜)

Heat

resistance



|<- 75mm ->|



Outdoor heat

0.43



Insulation

22

2.5

0.001



Galvanized

0.03

70

2.333



Insulation

22

2.5

0.001



Indoor heat

0.11



Wall thickness

75



Total Heat

2.875

Heat

transmission

0.463



Figure

material

Heat

conductivity

Thickness

(㎜)

Heat

resistance



|<- 220.5mm ->|



Outdoor heat

0.43



Cement mortar

1.4

20

0.017



Insulation

0.03

180

6



Cement mortar

1.4

20

0.014



Wallpaper

0.21

0.5

0.002



Indoor heat

0.11



Wall thickness

220.5



Total Heat

6.573

Heat

transmission

0.152



Comparison of time which indoor temperature becomes equal to outdoor temperature



Preconditions



Size of the construction structure and heat transmission coefficient of the wall panel are assumed as follows



Category

Wall panel 1 (concrete wall)

ADI DOME HOUSE wall panel



Floor area (㎡)

33.0㎡ (10 pyeong)

33.0㎡ (10 pyeong)



Size (m)

3 x 10 x 2.5

5.59 x 6.74 x 3.4



Volume (㎥)

82.5

52.3



Heat transmission coefficient (Kcal/㎡.kr.C)

0.5

0.162



Surface area of heat transfer (㎡)

95.0

59.6



Physical properties of indoor air are as follows



Air density: 1.2㎏/㎥, Specific heat at constant pressure: 0.24 kcal/㎏·℃, Specific heat at constant volume: 1.17 kcal/㎏·℃.



Time taken for indoor temperature to become equal to outdoor temperature.



Assuming no heating supplied to the inside of a completely enclosed space and no heat generation device within the space, time taken for the indoor temperature (20℃) to become equal to the outdoor temperature (0℃) is as follows:



Time taken for the indoor temperature of 20℃ to become equal to the outdoor temperature 0℃ is 27.4 hours when the space is fully enclosed with ADI DOME HOUSE wall panels without windows; and 8.8 hours in case of concrete wall panels.

If indoor boiler is set to be turned on when the indoor temperature reaches 15℃ and turned off when the temperature reaches 20℃, the boiler turns on every 28 minutes in concrete wall panel house but, in the case of ADI DOME HOUSE it turns on every 135 minutes.



This means that the number of times of boiler operation per day is 52.4 in concrete wall panel house and 10.6 in ADI DOME HOUSE respectively. In short, the number of times of boiler operation in concrete wall panel house is about 5 times bigger than that in ADI DOME HOUSE.

If indoor heat generation devices and heat generated by human bodies are considered, the differences become much bigger.



Pictures taken with thermo-graphic camera



Conventional house



ADI DOME HOUSE



Air-tightness

ADI DOME HOUSE fully considers maintaining the air-tightness to prevent energy loss.



Air-tightness becomes even more important as an energy-saving measure as well as insulation. This is because insulation alone cannot guarantee the discharge of indoor energy to the outside.

Air-tight layer not only prohibits the heat loss caused by the discharge of indoor air to the outside, but also blocks moistures, which brings effective prohibition of dew condensation due to the temperature differences between indoors and outdoors.



There is no regulation regarding the air-tightness of buildings and the air-tightness requirement suggested by PHI (passiv.de) in Germany is 50pa≤0.6/h. This means discharged air volume to the outside per hour should be less than 60% of the total volume of indoor air when the atmospheric pressure difference between indoors and outdoors is 50pa. Average value of air-tightness in local timber houses is identified to be 10~30 (times/hour), which explains the energy efficiency of “container houses” or timber houses is very low.

ADI DOME HOUSE sets the air-tightness as 50pa≤0.6/h which is suggested by PHI (passiv.de) in Germany.

Membranes suitable for damp-proofing, air-tightness, and protection against the wind should be used, and careful attention should be paid to cracks, edges, overlapped areas, etc., during the construction.



Checklists for air leak areas during construction



Areas to be checked

Remarks



Construction structure

Area where window meets wall panel

Construction installation line



Area where door meet wall panel

installation line



Window frame joint section



Area where window meets window frame

Gasket



Area where door body meets door frame

Gasket



Mechanical equipment

Area where outlet Area where pipe for wastewater and drainage passes through exterior wall



Area where outdoor outlet pipe for ice-free tap passes through exterior wall



Area where water supply inlet pipe passes through exterior wall



Area where gas inlet pipe passes through exterior wall



Area where bathroom exhaust duct passes through exterior wall



Area where hood exhaust duct of the kitchen and multi-purpose room passes through exterior wall



Area where boiler smoke passage passes through exterior wall



Area where ventilation duct passes through exterior wall



Electrical equipment

Area where electrical lead-in wire passes through exterior wall



Area where household distribution board box is located



Area where temperature adjuster box is located



Area where consent box is located



Area where power supply cord of electric power blind passes through exterior wall



Area where power supply cord for outdoor lighting system passes through exterior wall



Area where bulb box is located



Area where bulb switch box is located



Area where communication lead-in wire passes through exterior wall



Area where TV distribution case and main wire box for communication are located



Sleeve and pipe inside installed in the area of penetration

Infiltration through pipe inside



Area where wires controlling the video phone and door pass through exterior wall



Area where video phone box is located



Area where TV unit and communication consent box are located



Composition of wall unit

EPS (expanded polystyrene) has the following characteristics and benefits :

Excellent insulation capability which blocks heat flows from inside and outside due to extremely low thermal conductivity,

Excellent impact resistance capability which absorbs external shocks due to great elasticity,

Excellent water resistance and damp-proofing capability which blocks penetrating moistures and prohibits deterioration due to independently formed enclosed air bubbles



Self-extinguishing capability which flames do not spread over and are naturally extinguished even if the panel is Heated,

Excellent sound-proofing and absorbing capability which blocks outside noise and absorbs inside noise,

Convenient workability and transportability due to its lightweight property and

Environment-friendliness which doesn’t produce pollutants and enables reuse even if used as structural material.



ADI DOME HOUSE uses high-density compressed and flame-resistance treated EPS as the main material of our ADI DOME HOUSE exterior wall by fully utilizing its excellent insulation capability and improving the weak strength of EPS.



Our panel is manufactured by double overlaying high-strength fabric mesh and environment-friendly mortar on 180 mm thick, specially manufactured, highly compressed and flame-resistance treated Styrofoam wall. This shows excellent compressing result which is equivalent to compress 200 mm thick ordinary EPS.



ADI DOME HOUSE exterior wall has a patented registered technology which has been certified by Korea Institute of Construction Technology as a semi-flame-resistance construction material.



Is not only differentiated from other buildings in appearance due to its distinct form, but also its interior is easy to be decorated uniquely and beautifully, different from other buildings.



ADI DOME HOUSE is made up of smooth curves which resemble the beauty of the nature.

Interior ceiling and walls don,t have hard feelings as they are smoothly connected each other and give psychological stability. Additionally, ADI DOME HOUSE offers fantastic sky views from inside of the room. Through ceiling skylight windows, you can have warm sunlight in the winter and romantic atmosphere to see the stars and moon at night.



Excellence

Economic value



Greatly save time and costs thanks to convenient transportability and installation

Save construction time and costs thanks to short construction period from 25 to 30 days (based on approximately 50㎡ type)

Excellent economic feasibility with great transportability thanks to the construction with cell-unit assembly part

Construction form which is close to the nature



Dome structure which is scientifically safest

Natural beauty with the combination of arch-shaped curves and straight lines

Psychological comforts like in mother’s arms due to its round interior

Variety of use



Extendibility to left and right with 26.72㎡ basic unit (acquired patent)

Availability of diverse construction types and forms, efficient construction just by extending and connecting various unit types

Furniture and electric appliances can be easily placed 1 meter above the ground and occupies less space, which secures large available spaces in the building

Strong structure against outside environments



Strength becomes stronger as it has heavier vertical load because Dome structure is the scientifically safest structure and the entire structure acts as a column

Very strong against snow load thanks to strong compression strength and excellent durability

Safe in strong windy areas as every cross wind is flowing over the dome house on acute angle

If necessary, additional steel framework can be reinforced in the room

Energy saving



Best insulation capability thanks to 180㎜ thickness of compressed EPS structure (which has equivalent insulation capability to 2,000㎜ of thickness in ordinary Styrofoam)

No influence from outside temperature and the inside heat is not emitted

Pleasant living environments with minimum energy

Save more than 30~60% air-conditioning and heating energy, compared with ordinary buildings

Environment-friendly materials



No hazardous materials like dioxin and formaldehyde to human body because EPS is composed only of carbon and hydrogen

Perfect low-carbon and green energy can be realized

Zero endocrine-disruptor and perfect non-toxic material

Pictures taken with thermo-graphic camera



Conventional house



ADI DOME HOUSE



Basic Type



Basic type uses all pieces manufactured by our company, which best expressed our Dome House.

Suitable to construct small size unit and also appropriate to place several independent buildings in large area.

Perfect choice for weekend second house or pension complex.

Drawing example



Area : 45.56㎡



Layout : 1 room (also used as living room), 1 kitchen, 1 bathroom

Entrance : inside entrance (inner gate)

Size : length(9.04m) x width(5.59m) x height(3.22m)

** Optional widths : 5.59m or 6.74m



** Area can be increased by extending the length without restriction



Area : 78.60㎡

Layout : 1 large room, 2 small rooms, 1 living room, 1 kitchen, 1 bathroom

Entrance : protruding inner gate (hinged door)

Size : length(12.49m) x width(6.74m) x height(3.22m)

** Optional widths : 5.59m or 6.74m



** Area can be increased by extending the length without restriction



Main finishing materials



Category

ECONOMY

STANDARD

PREMIUM



Exterior wall

Basic

Mortar + mesh (2 times)

Mortar + mesh (2 times)

Mortar + mesh (2 times)



Option 1

-

Interior decorating bricks



Roof

Basic

Mortar + mesh (2 times)

Mortar + mesh (2 times)

Mortar + mesh (2 times)



Option 1

-

Asphalt shingle



Option 2

-

To be discussed



Windows & doors

Basic

Local, PVC double window

Local, PVC double window

Hanwha (Local) High class PVC window



Inside door

Local, middle class

Local, High class

Hanwha (Local) Top class



Entrance

Local, middle class

Local, High class

Local handmade (insulation) Top class



Innter wall

Basic

Environment-friendly mortar + water paint

Environment-friendly mortar + water paint

Environment-friendly mortar + water paint



Option

-

Silk wallpaper & environment-friendly material



Option

-

Nuba (hinoki)



Deck

-

-

Heat-treated, natural antiseptic wood



Kitchen appliances

Option : To be discussed

Option : To be discussed

Option : To be discussed



Faucet and hygienic pottery

Local, middle class

Local, High class

Local and foreign made High-class



Tile

Local, middle class

Local, High class

Local and foreign made High-class



Lighting system

Local, middle class

Local, High class

Local High class



Dimensions on drawing are based on outside wall lines for better understanding.

Building areas are based on building-to-land ratio and total floor space is based on floor-to-area ratio.

Price is based on our estimation according to the standard specifications and additional consultation is required.

Specifications in the estimation include foundation, structure, interior and exterior finish, entrance, bathroom ware, faucet, kitchenware and boiler etc.

Additional costs which are changing according to land conditions and housing owners’ options are not included in main building construction price and to be calculated separately.

Example, cost for fence and main entrance, outdoor deck, electricity and gas leading-in, construction permit, etc.



Final price is finalized by a basic contract and detailed quotations.

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